mason



(No Model.)

WITNESSES:

J. MASON. GOIN OPBRATED DEVICE.

Patented Apr. 26, 1898.

iNVENTOR AUORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 2,

` (No Model.)

- J. MASON.

G01N D PERATED DEVICE.

No. 603,111. Patented'pr. 26,1898.

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- 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

(No Model.)

J. MASON.

G01N OPBRATED DEVICE.

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/ILl n ATTORNEY (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet; 4. J MASON G01N OPERATED DEVICE.

Patented Apr. 26

Unire Srrnrs arnet erica JOSEPH MASON, OF NEW YORK, Y., ASSIGNOR TO THE AMERICAN MUTOSCOPE COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

COlN-OPERATED DEVlCE.

SPECIFCATEON forming part of Letters Patent No. 603,111, dated April 26, 1898. Application filed December l0, 1896. Serial No. 615,113. (No modeL) o @ZZ whom it may concern:

Beit known that I, JOSEPH MASON, a citizen of .the United States, residing at New York, in the county of New York and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Coin-Operated Devices; and I do hereby declare the following tobe a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it apperiains to make and use the same.

My invention consists of an improved coinoperated apparatus designed to be employed in driving mechanisms which are to be operated by the observer, and is more specifically intended for use in connection with apparatus of the description disclosed in Patent No.

549,309, granted November 5, 1895, to I-lerman Oasler. In the apparatus described in said patent a rotating arbor or spool carries a number of picture-cards which are successively brought into view of the observer, and when my invention is applied thereto the resulting apparatus can be operated from a crank on the outside casing only after the mechanism has been thrown into gear by the introduction of a coin of predetermined size and value.

The preferred form of my invention is illustrated in theaccompanying four sheets of drawings, in which- Figure 1 is a side view of the apparatus hereinafter to be called a mutoscope with my invention applied thereto, one side of the casing being turned down on a hinge, so as to aiford a view of its interior, the lens and adjacent parts being shown in section. Fig. 2 is a side view of the coin-controlled mechanism. Fig. 3 is a plan view of the same. Fig. 3 shows a modification. Fig. 4 is a cross-section of the driving-shaft, worm, and guide-rib with the position of coin indicated in broken lines. Fig. 5 is a side view of the mechanism with the clutch shown in engagement and with the position of the picturecards indicated in broken and dotted lilies. Figs. G and 7 are detail side views of a shutter attachment. Fig. S is a sectional view showing the way in which the shutter-arm is mounted on the sleeve which operates the spool. Fig. 9 is a detail plan view showing the way in which the stop for the picturecards is mounted, and Fig. 10 is a detail view of the adjustable driving-arm with the sleeve on which it is mounted shown in section.

Throughout the drawings like referencefigures refer to like parts.

l represents the casing of the mutoscope, on the frame of which is rigidly mounted a short shaft 2. 3 is a sleeve mounted on said shaft, on which latter is mounted spool 4. 5 is a nut screwed onto the threaded end of the sleeve 3 to maintain said spool 4 in position. 6 is a driving-arm mounted on and keyed to said sleeve 3 and having an adjusting-screw 7 which bears against the drivinglug S, which is screwed to the spool. The sleeve 3 is retained in position on the shaft 2 by the split pin 9. (Shown in Fig. 1.)

10 represents the series of picture-cards mounted on the spool 4.

11 is the eyepiece or shield, within which is the lens l2, and 13 is a cylinder or sight-- tube through which the observer obtains a view of cach of the picture-cards as it is momentarily retarded and bent backward by the stop 15.

14 is a small opening fitted with glass to admit light to the interior of the casing.

The rotation of the spool and picture-cards is caused by the revolution of the crank 16, under control of the operator. The revolutions of the crank are transmitted to the spooldriving mechanism through a clutch, which is normally out of engagement, but may be thrown into engagement by means of a coin of predetermined size and valuc,which is introduced through the coin-chute 17.

18 is a shield which conducts smaller coins which may be rejected bythe skeleton chute 17 to the money-drawer 57.

The coin-chute conducts coins of proper size to the opening 19, Figs. 2 and 5, in the framework of the clutch-operating mechanism. The coin 22 drops down through a slot rin this framework (indicated in dotted lines in Fig. 2) and between the projecting lip 20 and the lug 21,which guide it into the space between two adjacent sections of the skele- Y ton worm 24, which is mounted on and surrounds the driving-shaft 23. 25 is a guiderib mounted on the framework of the apparatus parallel to said shaft and at such a IOC slides on and revolves with the driving-shaftV 23 by reason of the slot and pin 30. (Shown in Fig. 2.) This meshes withthe corresponding clutch-face on the inner end of the crankboss 26 and is retained in such engagement by the spring 29 when the crank is turned in the direction of the hands of a watch and Y which slips bywhen the crank is turned backward. The function of this clutch is to prevent injury to the picture-cards and mechanism which might result if these cards and the spool were to be turned backward.

The driving-shaft 23 has one end j ournaled in a central boring in the end of the .crankboss 26, While the other end is supported by the doWel-pin 31 on the end of the driven shaft 32, the shafts 23 and 32 being inline one with the other. The shaft 32 is j ournaled in the bearings 33 and 34 on the frame of the mechanism.

The lug 21 is on a projection from this piece 35. A portion ofV this piece 35 is adapted to lie within and be surrounded by the coils of the skeleton worm 24 when in its normal position, so that when a coin has dropped into the space between the two adjacent sections y of the worm and the worm is revolved, thus moving the coin laterally to the left, it comes in contact with this piece 35 and pushes the same to the left. This movement of the piece 35 is communicated by a spring 36 to a clutchpiece 37, also mounted on the driving-shaft, causing it to engage with a pin 39 on the driven shaft 32. The clutch-piece 37 is keyed to the shaft by a pin 38,which works in a slot in said clutch-piece. VWhen this clutch-piece 37 is in engagement with the pin 39 and the driving-shaft 38 is rotated, this rotation will be communicated through the clutch to the driven shaft 32. 40 is a worm-sleeve mounted on said driven shaft 32 and caused to rotate therewith and permitted to slide thereon by means of the slot and pin 42. 4l is a wormwheel mounted on the sleeve 3 and meshing with said worm 40. 43 is another worm rigidly mounted on the driven shaft 32, and 44 is another worm -wheel meshing with said worm 43 and preferably provided with twice the number of teeth of the worm-wheel 41.

45 is a cam mounted on the same shaft as the worm-wheel 44 and rotated thereby. 46 is a cam-roller driven by said cam 45 and mounted on a rigid projection from trippingrod 47, which slides in bearings 48 and 49 on the frame. Rigid projections from this tripping-rod 42 and 42b also encompass the worm- 35 is ay clutch-controlling-piece mounted and sliding on the driving-shaft 23.

sleeve 40 and impart endwise motion to the same. l

On the inner end ofthe tripping rod is mounted the pivoted dog 50, which has a pro- .jection 51, which engages with pin 52 when the tripping-rod is at the extreme right-hand limit of its motion, as shown in Fig. 2, and thereby lifts the pivoted dog 50 out of engagement with the projection 54 on the clutchcontrolling piece 35. An alternative construction (illustrated 'in dotted lines) is to have the ,projection 51 on the other end of the-dog, with a beveled face which engages Vwith aV correspondiugly-beveled face on the lug 52, projecting from the framework of the apparatus.

53 is a spiral spring which normally forces the tripping-rod 47 toward the right.

15, Figs. 2 and 5, isV a postV or upright on which the stop or detent 15 for the cards is mounted. This stop is preferably made with backwardly-projecting lugs or ears 59, Fig. 9, through which passes the shaft 55, mounted in said post 15a. The spiral spring 56 tends normallyto holdV the stop 15 in the position shown in dotted lines in Fig. 5 until it is forcedinto the position shown in full lines bythe impingingof the passing picture-cards 10 when the spool 4 is revolved.

, VThe method of operation of my invention is as follows: In the absence of a proper coin the crank 16 may be rotated freely in either direction without Voperating the mechanism of the mutoscope. When the coin of proper size and value is introduced, it is conducted through the chute 17 and 19 and deposited between two adjacent sections of the skeleton worm 24, as indicated in Fig. 4. After this has been done the crank may still be turned backwardly on account of the springcontrolled one-way clutch 28. `When the crank 16 is rotated in a forward direction, however, the rotation is transmitted through the clutch 28 to the skeleton worm 24 and the coin is driven forward thereby. The front face of the coin presses against the lower end of the lug 21 and the rear end of the main body of the clutch-controlling piece 35. Such clutch-controlling piece is accordingly driven forward, and through the medium of the spring 36 motion is transmitted to the clutchpiece 37. Afteracertain amount of rotation said clutch-piece is advanced until the end of its jaw strikes the pin 39 on the driven shaft 32. If the said jaw strikes the said pin in such way as would tend to jam, the spring 36 permits a temporary cessat-ion of the sliding motion of the clutch-piece 37 until the jaw has passed pin 39, when said clutch-piece is sprung forward and on the next rotation catches the pin 39 squarely on the side. This transmits motion to the driven shaft 32 and the same begins to revolve and transmits revolution to the worms 43 and 40, which cause their corresponding worm-wheels to revolve. After the clutch has been thrown into gear, the coin, having arrived at the end of IOO IIO

the skeleton worm 24 or at the end of the rib 25, is discharged therefrom and drops between the shaft 23 and the rib 25 into the moneydrawer and the further forward mot-ion of the clutch-controlling piece 35 ceases. The revolution of the worm-wheel 41 gives motion to the spool 4, carrying a series of pict ure-cards, and they are one by one snapped by the stop l5, so as to expose the pictures successively to the eye of the observer through the lens 12. As the worm-wheel 44 revolves the cam 45 begins slowly to push against the cam-roller 4b' and drive the tripping-rod 47 to the left against the pressure of the spring 53. This motion also is transmitted to the worm and the rotation of the worm-wheel 4l slightly accelerated thereby. As said worm-wheel 44 continues to revolve the tripping-rod is pushed farther and farther to the left until the pivoted dog 50, having been released from the catch 52, falls in front of the projection 54 on the clutchcontrolling piece 35, as shown in Fig. 5. vVhen the worm-wheel 44 has made one revolution and the worm-wheel 41 two revolutions, (thereby aifording the observer two views of the series of pictures in the mutoscope,) the cam-roller 46 runs od the en d or peak of the cam 45, and the spring 53 forces the tripping-rod 47 quickly to the right, the dog 50 withdrawing theY clutch-controlling piece 35, and that in turn withdrawing the clutch piece 37, thereby disengaging the clutch, so that no further revolution is transmitted to the spool-driving mechanism until another coin is dropped in to again throw the clutch into gear. This backward motion of the tripping-rod 47 has caused the catch 51 to engage with the stop 52 and lifted the pivoted dog out of engagement with the projection 54, so that the clutch-controlling mechanism is compelled to be driven forward on such introduction of a new coin. The quick backward motion of the tripping-rod has also been conveyed to the worm-sleeve 40, and the latter has given the worm-wheel 41 a fraction of a rotation backward, suiicient to bring the picture-cards, which would otherwise be left in the position shown by the broken lines in Fig. 5, into their normal radial position free from strain. (Shown in dotted lines in said Fig. 5.) The springcontrolled stop 15 has also righted itself into the position shown in dotted lines, and the danger of crumpling the picture-cards under said stop has been avoided.

It is evident that a very nice degree of adj ustment of the spool 4 with reference to the driving mechanism is necessary in order to have the rotation cease exactly at the end of the series or" picture-cards. This is too fine an adjustment to be obtained in the setting up of the worm-gear portion of the driving mechanism, and I prefer to introduce it by having an adjustable drivin g-arm through which the motion from the sleeve 3 to the spool 4 is transmitted to the spool 4. The

worm-gearing mechanism being roughly adjusted and the spool and driving-arm being placed in position, the said screw 7 is turned to the right or left until the spool 4 is adjusted in exactly the right position.

If it is desired to dismount the mechanism for packing or other purposes, it can be readily done by lifting the pivoted latch 27 from the crank-boss 26, when the mechanism can be withdrawn from its bearing in the case and the crank removed.

Various modifications could be made in the details of my apparatus without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention. The ratio between the numbers of teeth on worm-wheels 41 and 44 might be changed, so y as to give three or more revolutions for every coin, it this were desired, or the number of revolutions might be reduced to one 3 but I prefer the ratio above shown and described. @ther forms of motion-transmitting mechanism equivalent to the worm-wheel and gears might be substituted for them, and other forms of clutches might be employed; but the above-described mechanism I believe to be the most simple and compact for carrying out the principle of my invention.

The preferred form of mounting the driving-arm on the sleeve 3 is illustrated in Figs. 8 and I0, where 65 represents in dotted lines one of two short slots cut in the end of the sleeve 3, into which two corresponding lugs or feathers 66 on the adjustable driving-arm 6 slip. The washer 64 prevents the split pin 9 from catching in such slots 65.

I have also illustrated a special form of shutter which automatically opens when the spool begins to revolve and closes at the termination of a predetermined number of revolutions.

53 is the shut-ter, which covers the end of the sight-tube 13 normally. This shutter is mounted on the arm 60, which .by means of sleeve 61 is carried ou the sleeve 3. A portion of the sleeve 61 is cut away, leaving the eccentric face 62. Between this face and the sleeve 3 iits the rolling pin The operation of this attachment is as follows: Normally the shutter covers the end of the tube 13, as shown in Fig. 6. When the spool 4 and pictures carried thereby begin to revolve, its first motion allows the arm 60 and shutter 53 to travel with it until the position of Fig. 7 is reached, when it is held by a catch on the end of the sight-tube 13. Thereafter the pin G3 rolls idly'in the wide portion of the space formed by the eccentric face 62, and no motion is transmit ted to the shutter. When the camroller 46 is rolled off the cam 45 and the worm-wheel 41 and sleeve 3 are given a quick backward motion ,heretofore described, the friction-clutch formed by the pin 63 and the eccentric face G2 immediately acts to carry the arm GO and shutter 53 back with the sleeve 3 and readjusts it in the position shown in Fig. 6.

In the modification shown in Fig. 3 the guide-rib 25 has a cut-away portion 25 in its IOO IIO

face which is sufficient to allow a coin of less than standard diameter to pass, but will still hold a standard coin in line with the sliding clutch member and force the clutch into gear. Thus if the machine be designed to operate with a nickel a f ull-sized coin of that diameter will still be held in operative position by the cut-away part 25a of the guide-rib as well as by the full-faced portion thereof, but a penny or other smaller coin will fall through when it reachesV the cut-away part 25 and will slip out of the worm before it has gone far enough to operate the clutch.

Sometimes even a penny or other small coin will be held in operative position simply by the friction against the sliding clutch-piece which it is driving forward. To avoid this possible failure of the desired operation, I so dispose the adjacent sections of the worm which are opposite the cut-away portion of the guide-rib as to positively grasp the coin and force it through said cut-away portion and out of operative position unless it is of the standard diameter, which cannot get by even the cut-away portion. In the arrangement shown in Fig. 3a by pinching the adjacent sections of the worm at that point more nearly together, so that, normally, they are separated by a distance less than the thickness of the coin and positively grasp the same when it reaches that point in its travel along the worm".

Having therefore described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to protect by Letters Patent, is

l. In a coin-operated device the combination of a rotatable spool, mechanism for rotating the same, a crank, a coin-chute and a clutch-operating mechanism adapted to be operated by the coin, the clutch connecting the crank with the spool-rotating mechanism, substantially as described.

2. The combination of a movable carrier, a series of resilient picture-cards mounted thereon and projecting therefrom, means for holding the outer end of each card momentarily for the purpose of exposing it to View, mechanism for moving said carrier at the option of the observer, and coin-controlled means for throwing said mechanism into gear, substantially as described.

3. The combination of a rotatable spool, a series of resilient picture cards radially mounted thereon, means for holding the outer end of each card momentarily for the purpose of exposing it to view, mechanism for rotating said spool at the option of the observer, and coin-controlled means for throwing said mechanism into gear, substantially as described.

4. In a coin-operated device the combination of a driven shaft, a driving-shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two,and a coin-operated mechanism for throwing the clutch into gear, substantially as described.

5. In a coin-operated device the combination of a driven shaft, a driving-shaft, asliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a skeleton worm mounted on the driving-shaft and adapted to receive a coin between two adjacent sections and inclosing within its coils a portion of a movable operating member of the clutch mechanism,whereby when the worm is rotated the coin is brought into contact with said clutch-operating member, and a chute which delivers the coin between two adjacent sections of the worm, substantially as described.

6. In a coin-operated device the combination of a driven shaft, a driving-shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a skeleton worm mounted on the driving-shaft and adapted to receive a coin between two adjacent sections and inclosing within its coils a portion of a movable operating member of the clutch 1nechanism,whereby .when the worm is rotated the coin is brought into contact with said clutch-operating member, and a chute which delivers the coin between two adjacent sections of the worm, together with a guide-rib for retaining the coin in position till it has traveled apredetermined distance, substantially as described.

7. A clutch-trippin g device composed ofthe following parts in combination: a drivingshaft, a driven shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a trippingrod adapted to he forced forward a predetermined amount by the rotation of the driven shaft, a spring which returns the trippingrod to its normal position, and a catch on the tripping rod which withdraws the sliding clutch mechanism on such return motion, substantially as described.

8. A clutch-tripping device composed of the following parts in combination: a drivingshaft, a driven shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a worm on the driven shaft, a worm-wheel and cam operated by said worm, a tripping-rod operated by said cam, and a catch on the trippingrod which withdraws the sliding clutch mechanism from engagement, substantially as described.

9. A clutch-tripping device composed of the following parts in combination: a drivingshaft, a driven shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a worm on the driven shaft, a worm-wheel and cam operated by said worm, a tripping-rod operated by said cam, and a catch on the tripping-rod which withdraws the sliding clutch mechanism from engagement, together with a stop which lifts said catch from engagement at the end of such withdrawal, substantially as described.

l0. In a coin-operated clutching device the combination of a driven shaft with projections thereon, a driving-shaft, a clutch-piece which engages the projections and which slides on the driving-shaft but turns therewith, a coin-operated clutch-controllin g piece, and a spring connection between said clutch- ICO IIO

piece andV such controllingpiece, substan-` tially as described.

11. In a coin-operated device the combination of a rotating spool, a driving mechanism therefor, a driving-shaft, a coin -operated clutch which may convey motion from the driving-shaft to said spool-driving mechanism, and a clutch-shifting mechanism which permits the spool to make two or more revolutions before said clutch is disengaged, substantially as described.

12. A clutch-tripping device composed of the following parts in combination adrivingshaft, a driven shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a worm on the driven shaft, a worni-wheel and cam operated byjsaid worm, a tripping-rod operated by said cam, and a catch on the tripping-rod which withdraws the sliding clutch mechanism from engagement, together with a second worm rotated by said shaft, and a spool provided with a worm-wheel driven thereby the number of teeth of the first-mentioned worm` wheel being a multiple of the number of teeth of the second wormwheel, substantially as described. j

13. In a coin-operated mutoscope the combination of a spool bearing a series of picture-cards, a stop or detent which momentarily arrests the movement of the several cards, successively, mechanism for rotating the spool, a coin-controlled clutch for throwing said mechanism'into gear, and an automatic clutch-tripping mechanism which simultaneously rotates the spool backward through an angle sulhcient torelievethe picture-cards in proximity to the detent from strain and curvature and disengages said clutch, substantially as described.

let. In a coin-operated mutoscope the combination of a spool bearing a series of picture-cards, and a stop or detent which momentarily arrests the movement of the several cards, successively, mechanism for rotating the spool, a coin-controlled clutch for throwing said mechanism into gear, andan automatic clutch-tripping mechanism which simultaneously rotates the spool backward through an angle sulhcient to relieve the picture-cards in proximity to the detent from strain and curvature, and disengages said clutch, said stop being pivoted and spring-actuated, to cause it to adj ust itself tangentially to the adjacent card, substantially as described. 1

15. In a coin-operated mutoscope the combination of a spool bearing a series of picturecards, a stop or detent which momentarily arrests the movem ent of the several cards, successively, mechanism for rotating the spool, a coin-controlled clutch for throwing said mechanism into gear, and an automatic clutch- `tripping mechanism which simultaneously rotates the spool backward through an angle sufficient to relieve the picture-cards in proximity to the detent from strain and curvature, and dsengages said clutch, said stop being pivoted and spring-actuated, to cause it to adjust itself tangentially to the adjacent card, substantially as described.

16. A clutch-tripping device composed of the following parts in combination a drivingshaft, a driven shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, aworm on the driven shaft, a worm-wheel and cam operated by said worm, a tripping-rod, operated by said cam, and a catch on the tripping-rod which withdraws the sliding clutch mechanism from engagement, together with a spool, and worm-wheel driving the same, a second worm which meshes therewith and is sleeved on the driven shaft, and connections from the tripping-rod to the slee ved worm which causes the latter to move back with the tripping-rod as the clutch is tripped and thereby rotate the spool backward through a fraction of a revolution, substantially as described.

17. In a coin-controlled mutoscopethe combination of a spool carrying a series of picture-cards, a sleeve on which said spool is mounted, mechanism for rotating the sleeve, an adjustable arm removably mounted on said sleeve, and a driving-lug on the spool against which said adjustable arm rests, substantially as described.

18. In a coin-controlled mutoscope the combination` of a spool, a sleeve on which said spool is mounted, said sleeve having its projecting end slotted, mechanism which rotates the sleeve, an adjustable arm which slips over said projecting end of the sleeve and which has a feather fitting into the slot, a nut which holds said arm in place, and a driving-lug on the spool against which the adjustable arm bears, substantially as described.

19. In a coin-operated device the combination of a driving-shaft, a skeleton worm mounted on and surrounding said shaft, and a stationary guide-rib so located with reference to the shaft that a given coin delivered to the worm will rest and slide upon said guide-rib and shaft under control of the worm, substantially as described.

20. In a mutoscope the combination of a spool and a series of resilient picture-cards carried thereby, means for rotating the spool, and a pivoted, spring-controlled stop which adjusts its working face tangentially to the face of the impinging card, substantially as described.

21. In an exhibiting apparatus an automatic shutter mechanism which consists of the combination of the following parts: a rotating member which gives motion to the objects to be exhibited, an actuating mechanism which gives said member a partial backward rotation at the end of each predetermined period of motion, a shutter carried by said rotating member, and a one-way clutch mechanism between the two, substantially as described.

22. In an exhibiting apparatus the combination of thefollowing parts: a rotating sleeve, mechanism which gives said sleeve a partial backward rotation, at the end of each prede- IOO 'IOS

IIO

termined period of motion, a shutter carried by a radial arm which has a bearing on said sleeve, a portion of said bearing being cut away so as to leave a face eccentric to the sleeve, and a pin which rolls between said eccentric face and said sleeve and forms an eccentric friction-clutch adapted to be thrown into gear upon the beginning of said partial backward rotation of the sleeve, substantially as described.

23. In a coin-operated device the combination of a driven shaft, a driving-shaft, a sliding elu tch mechanism which may connect the two, a skeleton worm mounted on and surrounding the driving-shaft, and a guide-rib for retaining in position a coin inserted between two adjacent sections of the worin until it has traveled a predetermined distance, substantially as described.

24. In a coin-operated device the combination of adriven shaft, a drivingshaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a skeleton worm mounted on and surrounding the driving-shaft, and a guide-rib for retaining a coin inserted between two adjacent sections of the worm in place until it has traveled a predetermined distance, said guide-rib having a portion of its face cut Y away to permit a coin of less than standard diameter to slip by,substantially as described.

tion of a driven shaft, a driving-shaft, a sliding clutch mechanism which may connect the two, a skeleton worm mounted on and surrounding the driving-shaft, and a guide-rib for retaining a coin inserted between two adjacent sections of the worm in place until it has traveled a predetermined distance,said guide-rib having 4a portion of its face cut away to permit a coin of less than standard diameter to slip by, and said worm also having two or more adjacentV sections opposite this cut-away part of the rib so disposed as to positively grasp the coin and push it through the cut-away portion of the rib, substantially as described.

In testimony whereof I attlx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

JOSEPH HASON. Witnesses:

A. PARKER SMITH, Gno. B. YoUNGs. 

